The research aims to clarify the history and archeology of the city of Sebastia (Old Samaria) prior to the Arab Muslim conquest of 636 AD/14 Hijra. The author depends on historical, religious and archaeological sources to identify different cultural aspects of the city, seeking archaeological information that provides a clear picture of the city during ancient times. Findings from archaeological excavations since the early twentieth century include the Hellenistic fortification system, city wall and semi-circular towers, and the Roman amphitheatre, hippodrome, Augustus and Kore temples, forum, basilica, water supply system, necropolis and mausoleum.