This research aims to study the military relations between the Andalusians and the Frankish kingdom during the reign of the Umayyad prince Al-Hakam Al-Rabadi (180-206 AH/796-821 AD), relying on the descriptive and analytical historical approach. It first touched on the ambitions of the Franks in the Andalusian lands during the reign of Prince Hisham Al-Rida (172-180 AH / 788-796 AD) and his efforts to confront them. Then it discussed the Frankish King Charlemagne’s (151-198 AH/768-814 AD) exploitation of Prince Al-Hakam's preoccupation with confronting internal rebellions, so he allied with the rebel leaders with the aim of attacking the northern Andalusian cities. The research reviewed the military campaigns launched by Al-Hakam against the Franks, most of which his armies achieved victory. The fall of Barcelona into the hands of the Franks in 185 AH/801 AD, and Al-Hakam’s inability to save it, was considered the most dangerous event during his reign, as it became a launching pad for them to attack other Andalusian cities, especially Tortosa. Although his military campaigns failed to bring about permanent geopolitical changes, they succeeded in standing up to the Frankish attempts to expand in the lands south of Barcelona, and they also contributed to saving some cities from final collapse, such as Tudela in 187 AH/803 AD, and Tarragona and Girona in 195 AH/811 AD.

Keywords: Al-Andalus, Prince Al-Hakam Al-Rabadi, Charlemagne, military relations.

Title

مجلة آداب الرافدين

Publisher

جامعة الموصل - كلية الآداب

Publisher Country

Iraq

Publication Type

Both (Printed and Online)

Volume

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Year

2025

Pages

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