The concept of intelligence has expanded to include visual, emotional, and social intelligence (SI) (Eshghi et al., 2013). There has been significant emphasis on how social and emotional intelligence support leadership traits; particularly how socially intelligent individuals influence followers and exhibit socially conscious leadership (Eshghi et al., 2013).

Objective: This study aims at exploring the traits of social intelligence in the character of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) using Maslow’s model of social intelligence, which highlights five core areas: pro-social attitudes, social performance skills, empathetic abilities, emotional expressiveness, and confidence (Mishra, 2020). It investigates how these attributes are reflected in his social actions and leadership during the early Islamic period.

Methodology: The study employs a contextual analysis methodology to examine selected sayings and actions of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) from primary sources including authentic books of Sirah (biograph) and Hadith (sayings). The selected texts are analyzed in light of their historical and socio-cultural contexts through the lens of Buzan’s criteria for socially intelligent leaders. This approach is well-suited due to the textual and historical nature of sources.

Results: Findings demonstrate Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) embodied all five dimensions of social intelligence, reinforcing the view his leadership was deeply rooted in these traits. For instance, his wisdom in resolving the Black Stone placement conflict reflects social performance and leadership skills. Furthermore, the intersection between SI attributes and effective leadership qualities confirms the Prophet’s success as a leader.

Conclusion: The study affirms Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) social intelligence was evident both before and after revelation, contributing to his enduring impact and status as a timeless role model for millions worldwide.

Keywords: Social intelligence; social consciousness; leadership; Prophet Muhammad; traits; context.

Title

Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences

Publisher

University of Jordan

Publisher Country

Jordan

Indexing

Scopus

Impact Factor

2.0

Publication Type

Both (Printed and Online)

Volume

--

Year

--

Pages

11