A cohort study was designed to evaluate whether a therapeutic algorithm using steroids with
or without interleukin-1 antagonist (anakinra) could prevent death/invasive ventilation.
Patients with a �5-day evolution since symptoms onset, with hyper-inflammation
(CRP�50mg/L), requiring 3–5 L/min oxygen, received methylprednisolone alone. Patients
needing �6 L/min received methylprednisolone + subcutaneous anakinra daily either frontline
or in case clinical deterioration upon corticosteroids alone. Death rate and death or
intensive care unit (ICU) invasive ventilation rate at Day 15, with Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% CIs, were determined according to logistic regression and propensity scores. A Bayesian
analysis estimated the treatment effects.