Carbon nanodots, a family of carbon-based nanomaterials, have been synthesized through different methods from various resources, affecting the properties of the resulting product and their application. Herein, carbon nanodots (CNDs) were synthesized with a green and simple hydrothermal method from sage leaves at 200˚C for 6 hours. The obtained CNDs are well dispersed in water with a negative surface charge (ζ-potential = -11mV), and an average particle size of 3.6 nm. The synthesized CNDs showed concentration-dependent anticancer activity toward liver cancer (Hep3B) cell lines and decreased the viability of the cancer cells to 23% at the highest used concentration (250 µg/ml of CNDs). More interestingly, the cytotoxicity of the CNDs was tested in normal liver cell lines (LX2) resulting that the CNDs at all tested concentrations didn’t affect their viability including at the highest concentration showing a viability of 86.7%. The cellular uptake mechanisms of CNDs were investigated and it is thought to be through energy-dependent endocytosis and also through passive diffusion. The main mechanisms of endocytosis were lipid and caveolae-mediated endocytosis. In addition, the CNDs have hindered the formation of the 3D spheroids from the Hep3B hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Hence, it would be concluded that the synthesized CNDs from sage are more highly selective to liver cancer cells than normal ones. The CNDs' cancer-killing ability would be referred to the production of reactive oxygen species.

العنوان

Nanoscale advances

الناشر

Royal Society of Chemistry

بلد الناشر

المملكة المتحدة

Indexing

Thomson Reuters

معامل التأثير

4,7

نوع المنشور

Both (Printed and Online)

المجلد

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السنة

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الصفحات

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