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Summary
An antenatal depression rate is higher among women at childbearing age than in men.
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Abstract
Introduction Depression was defined by WHO, 2017 as "a common mental disorder that presents with depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, decreased energy, feelings of guilt or low self-worth, disturbed sleep or appetite, and poor concentration" [1]. Globally depression is one of the most burdensome diseases [1], it is considered the leading cause of disability among both genders, but its burden is 50% higher among females than male [2]. Its rate is of two-layered among women (20-25%) than in men (7-12%) [3], still, it is not known the reason behind this disparity but it might be due to the social roles differences that carried out by men and women [3]. It is estimated to be higher among women at childbearing age than any other time [3,4] as women are at risk of developing it during adolescence, before menstruation, during pregnancy, after delivery, and at premenopausal age [3]. The incidence rate of depression during pregnancy ranges from 6-25% [3] but it alters according to the trimester of pregnancy. It was estimated that the occurrence rate during the first trimester by 7.4% (2.2-12.6%) women, in the second trimester by 12.8% (10.7-14.8%), and by 12.0% (7.4-16.7%) during the third trimester [3] In addition, the Prevalence of prenatal depression is higher in low to middle income 19-25% countries than in high-income countries 7-15% [4], it ranged in high-income countries from 7-20% while it reached more in low-income countries [5]. The risk factors of depression involve postpartum depression after previous deliveries, the occurrence of depression in the family, a pregnancy at a young age, an unplanned pregnancy, a previous miscarriage, a lack of or limited support of the environment and partner, conflicts with the father of the child, a low le
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Mariam Amer Al-Tell