 (PDF) “Prevalence of SI and NSI among Nurses in Northern West Bank Hospitals_ Palestine”_files/brand-header-logo.svg){kind=logo}
 (PDF) “Prevalence of SI and NSI among Nurses in Northern West Bank Hospitals_ Palestine”_files/Mariam-Al-Tell.jpg)
Mariam Amer Al-Tell (PDF) “Prevalence of SI and NSI among Nurses in Northern West Bank Hospitals_ Palestine”_files/profile_default_m.jpg)
Bushra Jmal Almur (PDF) “Prevalence of SI and NSI among Nurses in Northern West Bank Hospitals_ Palestine”_files/Issam-Ashqer.jpg)
 (PDF) “Prevalence of SI and NSI among Nurses in Northern West Bank Hospitals_ Palestine”_files/empty-abstract.svg){kind=spacer}
 (PDF) “Prevalence of SI and NSI among Nurses in Northern West Bank Hospitals_ Palestine”_files/Distribution-of-participants-according-to-exposure-to-NSI-in-the-past-12-months_Q320.jpg)
 (PDF) “Prevalence of SI and NSI among Nurses in Northern West Bank Hospitals_ Palestine”_files/Distribution-of-injured-participants-by-needles-according-to-their-knowledge-of-whether_Q320.jpg)
 (PDF) “Prevalence of SI and NSI among Nurses in Northern West Bank Hospitals_ Palestine”_files/Distribution-of-participants-according-to-number-of-injuries-during-12-th-months-before_Q320.jpg)
 (PDF) “Prevalence of SI and NSI among Nurses in Northern West Bank Hospitals_ Palestine”_files/Comparison-of-prevalence-of-NSI-between-developed-and-developing-countries_Q320.jpg)
Page 1
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2014): 5.611 Volume 5 Issue 3, March 2016 www.ijsr.netLicensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BYPrevalence of SIand NSI among Nurses inNorthern West Bank Hospitals / Palestine Mariam Amer Al-Tell1, Bushra Jamal Almurr21Ph.D Community Health, Assistant Professor An-Najah National University 2Public Health Student Abstract:Introduction: Standard precautions defined as“a group of infection prevention practices that apply to all patients, regardless of suspected or confirmed diagnosis or presumed infection status”. The aim of these precautions is prevention and or reduction oftransmission of HAI, and in the same time, protection of Nurses from sharp injuries. Main objective: the main objective is to assessPrevalence ofSI and NSI and related causes among Nurses in Northern West Bank Hospitals /Palestine.Method: a systemic random sample of(249) nurses was selected from Rafedia hospital, Alwatani hospital, Thabet Thabet hospital, Khalil Suleiman hospital and Darwish Nazzal hospital. Self administrated questionnaire was filled byparticipants, and data was analysis by using SPSS version 17. Results: the result showed that the prevalence of sharp injuries and needle stick injuries in previous 12 month were (66.8%) and (46.4%) respectively. Conclusion and Recommendations: standard precaution is basic level of infection control precaution . However , the vast majority of participants in this study didn’t always follow it.So more training program on infection control and more concentration onstandard precaution by educational program and regular lectures must be given to nurses in order to improve their knowledge and practice ofSP measures. Keywords:StickInjury, NeedleStickInjury,Prevalence,Nurses1. Introduction Health-care associated infection (HAI) referred toasnosocomial infection and hospital acquired infection, isdefined by Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) asan“infection caused by a wide variety of common and unusual bacteria, fungi, and viruses during the course ofreceiving medical care"¹ .It either occurs while patients receive care or may develop after discharge. It also involves occupation infection among staff. HAI can also be defined as an“infection occurring in patients during the process ofcare in a hospital or health care facility which was not present or incubating at the time of admission. This includes infection acquired in the hospital, but appearing after discharge and also occupational infections among staff orfacility”². HAI is considered an important public health problem². Globally, hundreds of millions of patients are infected byHAI every year in both developed and developing countries. According to WHO, its prevalence in developed countries varied between 3.5% and 12%, while in developing countries it varied between 5.7% and 19.1%³.The highest occurrence of HAI were in acute surgical, orthopedic wards and Intensive Care Unit². The prevalence rate of ICU-acquired infection in high-income countries was 30%, while in middle and low- income countries, it was atleast 2-3 times higher than that in high -income countries3, 4The consequences ofHAI atpatients’ level imply more suffering, more complications, more treatments, and increase in hospitalization periods. 1.1 Health-associated infectionsamonghealth careworkers /nursesHAI can affect both patients and health-care workers. Itinvolves occupational infections among nurses. Due to the nature of their occupations, the major occupational hazard isthe transmission of blood-borne disease such as hepatitis B and AIDS by being exposed to injuries caused bycontaminated sharp objects such as scalpels and broken glass and needle stick1. Nurses can be infected by HAIs while dealing with patients or providing them with health treatment. They can play a role in the widespread ofinfections. The mode of transmission depends on many factors such as immunity of HCW and amount of blood transferred during injuries1. According to WHO, nearly three million HCW are exposed to percutaneous blood borne pathogens each year worldwide; 2 million of those were exposed to HBV ,0.9 million to HCV and 170, 000 toHIV. These sharp injuries resulted in 15,000 HCV, 70,000 HBV and 500 HIV infections. About 90%of these events happened in the developing countries2. The infectious agent is transmitted to nurses mainly via droplet: direct contact orcontact with inanimate contaminated objects by infectious material. The risk of transmission of infectious agents would increase if infection control practice and standard precautions were not applied5As per 3. TheSolutions of this problem include the following:Encouragement of the reporting and surveillance system. Improvement of education and training of nurses inapplying safety precaution. Implementation and application of standard precaution measures. 1.2 Sharp Injuries (SI) SI are defined as“anexposuretoeventoccurringwhenanysharppenetratestheskin"3. These include needles,scalpels,brokenglass,andothersharps.Thistermis interchangeablewithpercutaneousinjury.It is considered a serious hazardinhospitals becauseit mayallowthecontaminatedbloodthatPaper ID: NOV161294445
 (PDF) “Prevalence of SI and NSI among Nurses in Northern West Bank Hospitals_ Palestine”_files/Ibrahim-Al-Faouri.jpg)
 (PDF) “Prevalence of SI and NSI among Nurses in Northern West Bank Hospitals_ Palestine”_files/author_default_m.jpg)
 (PDF) “Prevalence of SI and NSI among Nurses in Northern West Bank Hospitals_ Palestine”_files/Nasr-Alrabadi.jpg)
 (PDF) “Prevalence of SI and NSI among Nurses in Northern West Bank Hospitals_ Palestine”_files/Selda-Arslan-2.jpg)
 (PDF) “Prevalence of SI and NSI among Nurses in Northern West Bank Hospitals_ Palestine”_files/Noyal-Joseph.jpg)
 (PDF) “Prevalence of SI and NSI among Nurses in Northern West Bank Hospitals_ Palestine”_files/Reba-Kanungo-2.jpg)
 (PDF) “Prevalence of SI and NSI among Nurses in Northern West Bank Hospitals_ Palestine”_files/Shereen-Ahmed-6.jpg)
 (PDF) “Prevalence of SI and NSI among Nurses in Northern West Bank Hospitals_ Palestine”_files/Rahul-Sharma-95.jpg)
 (PDF) “Prevalence of SI and NSI among Nurses in Northern West Bank Hospitals_ Palestine”_files/Sk-Rasania-Dco-Dipmus.jpg)
 (PDF) “Prevalence of SI and NSI among Nurses in Northern West Bank Hospitals_ Palestine”_files/app_store_light_logo.svg){kind=logo}