The increasing global demand for renewable energy has highlighted the importance of maximizing the efficiency of photovoltaic systems. This paper presents the design and implementation of an intelligent dual-axis solar tracking system that combines embedded control, wireless communication, and FPGA-based hardware acceleration to improve tracking accuracy and system responsiveness. The proposed architecture consists of three coordinated subsystems. An Arduino microcontroller executes a Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) controller to drive servo motors for accurate panel orientation based on calculated solar position. An ESP32 module provides wireless connectivity, enabling real-time monitoring and visualization through a remote dashboard. In parallel, a DE1-SoC FPGA board implements a Kalman filter to perform predictive estimation of the panel position, mitigating the effects of sensor noise and communication delays. Data exchange between the Arduino and FPGA is achieved via a UART communication interface. The Kalman filter is accelerated using the FPGA’s dedicated DSP resources, allowing real-time predictive corrections that enhance control stability. Experimental results demonstrate that the integration of FPGA-based predictive filtering with embedded PID control significantly reduces tracking errors and system oscillations compared to microcontroller-only solutions. Additionally, environmental sensors supply contextual data for comprehensive system performance evaluation. The presented system illustrates the effectiveness of hardware–software co-design in renewable energy applications. By integrating predictive control with FPGA acceleration and wireless monitoring, the proposed approach offers improved precision, adaptability, and computational efficiency, making it suitable for both educational platforms and small-scale solar energy systems.

العنوان

Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers

الناشر

World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd

بلد الناشر

سنغافورة

Indexing

Scopus

معامل التأثير

2,9

نوع المنشور

إلكتروني فقط

المجلد

--

السنة

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الصفحات

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