Antiquities in the Middle East region face various threats, including illicit trade, theft, and forgery. This research
examines a leather manuscript obtained by the Palestinian Tourist Police following the arrest of an antiquities
smuggler. The manuscript contains Phoenician inscriptions along with symbols such as the Menorah, Shofar, and a
plant branch. Radiocarbon dating using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) techniques determined the
manuscript’s date to be post-1950 CE. Therefore, the results indicate that the manuscript is a modern forgery, likely
created for commercial purposes. Additionally, the text contains several grammatical errors, further supporting the
conclusion that it is not an authentic historical artifact
