The development of efficient photocatalytic electrodes holds immense promise for addressing environmental challenges. This study investigates the enhanced photocatalytic activity of a microwave-synthesized hybrid nanocomposite, emphasizing its potential contribution to sustainable environmental remediation efforts. A hybrid nanocomposite was synthesized via a one-pot microwave-based method, combining carbon nanodots (CNDs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) for methylene blue photodegradation. The CNDs were synthesized from D-glucose precursor with a yield of 17.3%, while ZnO NPs had a higher yield of 27.7%. The hybrid (ZnO/CNDs) was formed with a 24.4% yield, leading to a size over 60 nm, indicating successful adsorption of CNDs on ZnO surfaces. This hybridization improved photocatalytic properties, decreasing the band gap from 3 to 2.1 eV, and enhancing visible light photocatalysis. Furthermore, thin film electrodes of ZnO and hybrid materials were prepared on glass slides by spin coating. The hybrid electrode demonstrated a 70% degradation efficiency of methylene blue, surpassing ZnO (59%) after 120 minutes of light exposure. Its rate constant was 0.01162 min-1 compared to ZnO's 0.00943 min-1, with an apparent quantum yield of 0.023 (hybrid) vs. 0.019 (ZnO). Stability tests confirmed sustained efficiency over multiple cycles, highlighting the electrodes' environmental and economic benefits in sustainable photodegradation applications.