In this paper discuss the professional challenges facing social works in Palestine. I am going to provide a historical background of the profession’s development in the Palestinian territory under precarious conditions the Israeli occupation. I am going to discuss the ambiguous role of the social worker in Palestine, and how it influences the professional intervention approach in cases of emergency, especially when other specialists play the role of social workers. These challenges can be divided into two sections; the first one starts with academic programs that consider social work as part of other social science programs. The second one is the ambiguity in defining who is the social worker. By the end of this paper, I will show how such a new profession in Palestine was developed when interacting with international organizations, in addition to the accumulated experiences of Palestinian social workers responding to the needs of an unstable community suffering from the practices of the Israeli occupation in their everyday life.